全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5635篇 |
免费 | 330篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 25篇 |
2022年 | 20篇 |
2021年 | 128篇 |
2020年 | 81篇 |
2019年 | 94篇 |
2018年 | 163篇 |
2017年 | 116篇 |
2016年 | 189篇 |
2015年 | 266篇 |
2014年 | 303篇 |
2013年 | 396篇 |
2012年 | 463篇 |
2011年 | 450篇 |
2010年 | 285篇 |
2009年 | 234篇 |
2008年 | 428篇 |
2007年 | 354篇 |
2006年 | 379篇 |
2005年 | 283篇 |
2004年 | 251篇 |
2003年 | 256篇 |
2002年 | 232篇 |
2001年 | 49篇 |
2000年 | 26篇 |
1999年 | 42篇 |
1998年 | 27篇 |
1997年 | 30篇 |
1996年 | 23篇 |
1995年 | 30篇 |
1994年 | 24篇 |
1993年 | 21篇 |
1992年 | 22篇 |
1991年 | 18篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 16篇 |
1988年 | 13篇 |
1987年 | 15篇 |
1986年 | 13篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 10篇 |
1982年 | 16篇 |
1981年 | 14篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1978年 | 12篇 |
1975年 | 13篇 |
1974年 | 12篇 |
1973年 | 8篇 |
1972年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有5969条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
SNARE Proteins-Why So Many,Why So Few? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Michal Linial 《Journal of neurochemistry》1997,69(5):1781-1792
Abstract: Both trafficking and secretion critically depend on accurate and specific membrane recognition and fusion. A key step in these processes is the assembly of a complex consisting of a small number of proteins, i.e., the exocytic core complex. In nerve terminals, this set consists of VAMP and synaptotagmin, which reside at membranes of synaptic vesicles, and syntaxin and SNAP-25 at the plasma membrane. In this survey, different secretory systems that depend on the exocytic core proteins are considered. The possibility that specificity in membrane recognition and fusion is achieved by the numerous variants of proteins of the exocytic core is discussed. Variability of the core complex proteins is determined by the complexity of gene families, isoform-specific localization, and posttranslational modifications. Basic biochemical properties depend on specific isoforms, and the possible protein-protein interactions are determined, in turn, by the compatibility of different isoforms. A correlation between specific variants and distinct biochemical or cellular properties is shown. The outcome of this survey is that heterogeneity in secretion may be dictated by the large number of possible combinations of variants of only a few proteins. 相似文献
62.
Witold Lasek Anna Wańkowicz Katarzyna Kuc Wojciech Feleszko Jakub Golab Adam Giermasz Wiesŀaw Wiktor-J/cedrzejczak Marek Jakóbisiak 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1995,40(5):315-321
The efficacy of systemic infusion of recombinant human macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) in combination with local treatment with human recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and mouse recombinant interferon (IFN) was studied in vivo on a subclone of B16 melanoma (MmB16) in mice. Short-term intravenous administration of M-CSF at a dose of 106 units daily had no antitumor effect in vivo. Similarly, local treatment of tumor with TNF (5 g daily) did not produce any therapeutic effect. However, simultaneous administration of the same dose of TNF with IFN (1000 units daily) resulted in a synergistic effects manifested by the retardation of tumor growth. Addition of systemic infusion of M-CSF to the local therapy with TNF and IFN induced further augmentation of antitumor efficacy and delayed progression of MmB16 melanoma. The strengthened antitumor effect of combination therapy including M-CSF, TNF and IFN was most probably due to the increased release of monocytes from the bone marrow, their recruitment into the site of tumor growth and subsequent local stimulation of their antitumor activity. 相似文献
63.
The maximum biomass in iron-limited photosynthetic batch cultures of chlorella increased as the logarithm of the iron concentration. The growth yield from iron (Y
x/Fe) showed a marked inverse relation to the specific growth rate. The maximum biomass yield, g dry biomass/g iron consumed, was 7.5x103 with specific growth rate 0.108 h-1; the minimum was 0.79×103 with specific growth rate 0.145 h-1. The maximum specific growth rate in the exponential phase of Fe limited cultures varied as the initial Fe concentration. Fe-limited growth made the cells adhere to a glass surface.Abbreviation O.D.
optical density 相似文献
64.
I. Michalík 《Biologia Plantarum》1982,24(3):161-169
In an experiment with native maize roots depending on different phosphorus concentration in the external solution (0.001 …
50 mM P), the multiphasic character of the kinetics of phosphate uptake has been stated. The single phases are characterized
by the different values of Km and Vmax. In the wide range of concentrations the isotherm of the phosphate uptake has five evident phases. The character of kinetics
for the uptake of phosphate is analogical to the kinetics of the enzymatic reactions described by the Michaelis-Menten equation.
On the other hand the linear dependence for the inactivated root was determined,i.e. the uptake of phosphate versus different phosphorus concentration in the external solution.
The graphic representation of the logarithmic values for the phosphorus taken up versus the different phosphorus concentration
in the external solution gives the biphasic course including concentration less than 1.0 mM P and more than 1.0 mM P. Within
the framework of the concentration range the following values of Vmax, Km and ϕin were calculated under the conditions if the concentration of phosphorus is less than 1.0mMP: Vmax = 1.705 μmol P × g-1h-1, Km = 0.057 mM P and ϕin = 0.83,i.e. if the concentration of phosphorus is more than 1.0mM P: Vmax = 40 μmol P × g-1 h-1, Km = 16.66 mM and ϕin = 20.
According to these results, the phosphate concentration in the external solution influences the activity of the transport
mechanisms concerning their conformative changes which discretely change their working regime of membrane transport. This
is also demonstrated in the change of values Vmax, Km and ϕin. 相似文献
65.
Michal Pop 《Hydrobiologia》1991,225(1):169-176
The changes of selected parameters of the filtering comb of the third thoracic limb were studied in a natural population of Daphnia pulicaria Forbes, as well as in experimental enclosures and in lab cultures, including individual life history. Two hypotheses were tested: 1. either these changes are related to the succession of clones coexisting within one population, or 2. the size of the filtering area changes gradually as an individual adaptation during the moulting. No evidence supporting the clonal hypothesis was found. On the contrary, the adaptability of the filtering comb is the same in a natural population as it is in a clone and in individuals. 相似文献
66.
Synaptoneurosomes obtained from the cortex of rat brain prelabeled with [14C]arachidonic acid [( 14C]AA) were used as a source of substrate and enzyme in studies on the regulation of AA release. A significant amount of AA is liberated in the presence of 2 mM EGTA, independently of Ca2+, primarily from phosphatidic acid and polyphosphoinositides (poly-PI). Quinacrine, an inhibitor of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), suppressed AA release by about 60% and neomycin, a putative inhibitor of phospholipase C (PLC), reduced AA release by about 30%. An additive effect was exhibited when both inhibitors were given together. Ca2+ activated AA release. The level of Ca2+ present in the synaptoneurosomal preparation (endogenous level) and 5 microM CaCl2 enhance AA liberation by approximately 25%, whereas 2 mM CaCl2 resulted in a 50% increase in AA release relative to EGTA. The source for Ca(2+)-dependent AA release is predominantly phosphatidylinositol (PI); however, a small pool may also be liberated from neutral lipids. Carbachol, an agonist of the cholinergic receptor, stimulated Ca(2+)-dependent AA release by about 17%. Bradykinin enhanced the effect of carbachol by about 10-15%. This agonist-mediated AA release occurs specifically from phosphoinositides (PI + poly-PI). Quinacrine almost completely suppresses calcium-and carbachol-mediated AA release. Neomycin inhibits this process by about 30% and totally suppresses the effect of bradykinin. Our results indicate that both phospholipases PLA2 and PLC with subsequent action of DAG lipase are responsible for Ca(2+)-independent AA release. Ca(2+)-dependent and carbachol-mediated AA liberation occurs mainly as the result of PLA2 action. A small pool of AA is probably also released by PLC, which seems to be exclusively responsible for the effect of bradykinin. 相似文献
67.
Construction and properties of K1 type killer wine yeasts 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Summary With the use of a protoplast fusion technique the killer character of K1 type was transferred into four industrial Saccharomyces wine yeasts. The prototrophic yeast strains active against standard sensitive and K2 killer Saccharomyces strains, resistant to K1 killer toxin were constructed with no changes in technological properties. 相似文献
68.
The effect of experimental hyperthyroidism on renal and adrenal weight increase in mice. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
P D Broulík J Marek V Schreiber 《Physiological research / Academia Scientiarum Bohemoslovaca》1991,40(5):527-532
The mouse kidneys are enlarged after the administration of thyroxine and this influence is not mediated through androgens. The administration of thyroxine increased the weight of the adrenals and the level of plasma corticosterone. Besides the direct effect of the thyroid hormones on the kidney, our findings indicate that the excess of triiodothyronine and thyroxine stimulates the activity of adrenals indirectly and evokes hyperadrenocorticism which could be related to the action of adrenal steroids on kidney function and kidney growth. In accordance with the above mentioned hypothesis it has been shown that aminoglutethimide, a potent blocker of adrenal steroidogenesis, decreases the level of plasma corticosterone and inhibits the enlargement of the kidney in hyperthyroid mice in spite of the high serum thyroxine values. 相似文献
69.
Janina Kaczanowska Leonora Wychowaniec Marek Ostrowski 《Development genes and evolution》1982,191(5):325-330
Summary An easy and sensitive method is reported here for testing the similarities of individual patterns by photographically transforming maps of these patterns to given, deductively chosen conventions involving constant distances between selected reference points. A cumulative map is produced by loading all landmarks from a set of individual maps on to one sheet of paper. The use of various a priori conventions results in variable cumulative maps, which are then optically transformed on an analog digital converter, with additional input for optical picture processing. The densitometrical maps thus obtained may be compared as to the cumulative degree of areas of maximal and minimal density of landmarks. The best conventions are those that yield the map with the most contrast.Maps of spatial patterns of the sites of contractile vacuole pore (CVP) primordia in an early stage of divisional morphogenesis of the ciliateChilodonella steini were compared after four different transformations and adjustments of the same set of individual maps. The best focusing of the sites of CVP differentiation was achieved by use of the postoral axis, defined by the center of the oral apparatus and the posterior end of the cell as the scaling parameter. The composite domain map obtained by optical transformation of this cumulative map could distinguish the specific CVP territories observed in earlier work (Kaczanowska 1981). These results confirm earlier findings that indicated the site of the oral apparatus is an important reference point in CVP primordia positioning. They also strongly suggest the existence of an overriding scaling factor governing the positioning of sites of differentiation in both dimensions of the developmental field. The method of superposition and scaling of pattern maps is generally applicable to situations in which pattern elements appear at discrete points on a flat surface. 相似文献
70.
O. Valentov M. Marek F. vec J. tamberg Z. Vodrka 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》1981,23(9):2093-2104
Glucose oxidase was immobilized by covalent bond to two basic types of sorbents—glycidylmethacrylate copolymers and bead cellulose. These two types of carries were chemically modified, if needed, by the employing various procedures and subsequently used in the immobilization of native and oxidized glucose oxidase. The samples thus obtained were compared with those of immobilized glucose oxidase bound onto some common carriers. Samples which possessed not only a high absolute activity but also adequate mechanical and flow properties were characterized in greater detail with respect to the immobilization efficiency and kinetic properties of bound glucose oxidase. 相似文献